Along came a spider...

6.1. English Law

6.1.1. The Grounds of Restitution

Introductory note
6.E.1 P Birks and R Chambers, The Restitution Research Resource

6.1.2. Mistake

Introductory note
6.E.2 Torts (Interference with Goods) Act 1977, section 6
6.E.3 Queen's Bench Division, Barclays Bank Ltd v WJ Simms Son & Cooke (Southern) Ltd. payment on a stopped cheque
6.E.4 House of Lords, Kleinwort Benson Ltd v Lincoln City Council. the void swaps
6.E.5 Court of Appeal, Greenwood v Bennett. fixing a stolen car

6.1.3. Practical Compulsion or Duress

Introductory note
6.E.6 Judicial Committee of the Privy Council, Barton v Armstrong. threat to murder
6.E.7 Court of King's Bench, Astley v Reynolds. the pawned plate
6.E.8 Court of Appeal, B&S Contracts and Design Ltd v Victor Green publications Ltd. trouble at the building site
6.E.9 House of Lords, Dimiskal Shipping Co SA v International Transportworkers'Federation. "blacking" of ship during industrial dispute
6.E.10 Probate, Divorce and Admiralty Division, The Port Caledonia and the Anna. "£ 1000 or no rope"
6.E.11 Court of Appeal, CTN Cash and Carry Ltd v Gallaher. the missing cigarettes
6.E.12 King's Bench Division, Mutual Finance ltd v John Wetton &Sons Ltd. threat to tell father

6.1.4. Legal Compulsion

Introductory note
6.E.13 Court of Appeal, Brooks Wharf & Bull Wharf Ltd v Goodman Brothers. tax on stolen squirrel skins
6.E.14 House of Lords, Esso Petroleum Ltd. v Hall Russel & Cc Ltd. the polluted sheep

6.1.5. Exploitation

Introductory note
6.E.15 Court of Appeal, Allcard v Skinner. the novice nun
6.E.16 House of Lords, Barclays Bank PLC v O'Brien. the surety wife or sexually transmitted debt
6.E.17 House of Lords, Royal Bank of Scotland v Etridge. beyond surety wives
6.E.18 Privy Council, Boustany v Pigott. the "quite slow" rich old lady

6.1.6. Failure of Consideration

6.1.6.A. Introduction

Breach of contract
Frustration of contract
Non-contractual failure of consideration
Anticipated contracts which do not eventuate
Unenforceable or void contracts

6.1.6.B. Materials

6.E.19 Court of Appeal, Rowland v Divall. sale of stolen car
6.E.20 Court of Appeal, Sumpter v Hedges. claim for incomplete building work
6.E.21 Court of Common Pleas, Planche v Colburn. the unfinished book
6.E.22 Queen's Bench Division, BP Exploration Co (Libya) Ltd v Hunt (no2). the expropriated oil field
6.E.23 Court of Appeal, Chillingworth v Esche. the reneging buyer
6.E.24 Queen's Bench Division, William Lacey (Hounslow) Ltd v Davis. redevelopment scheme shelved
6.E.25 Queen's Bench Division, British Steel Corp v Cleveland Bridge and Engeneering Co Ltd. steel nodes supplied
6.E.26 House of Lords, Westdeutsche landesbank Girozentrale v Islington London Borough Council. the void swaps agreement
6.E.27 Judicial Committee of the Privy Council, Goss v Chilcott. the loaned out loan

6.1.7. Ultra Vires Demands by Public Authorities

Introductory note
6.E.28 House of Lords, Woolwich Equitable Building Society v Inland revenue Commissioners. the greedy tax authority

6.1.8. Necessity

Introductory note
6.E.29 Court of Common Pleas, Jenkins v Tucker. deceased's father recovers burial expenses from deceased's husband
6.E.30 Court of Appeal, Falcke v Scottish Imperial Insurance. he Volunteer Payer
6.E.31 House of Lords, China Pacific SA v Food Corporation of India, The Winson. storage of cargo from stranded ship
6.E.32 Court of Appeal, Matheson v Smiley. unsuccessful rescue from suicide
6.E.33 House of Lords, Re F (Mental Patient: Sterilisation). sterilisation of handicapped woman

6.1.9. Illegality

Introductory note
6.E.34 Queen's Bench Division and Court of Appeal, Taylor v Bowers. deception of creditors not carried through
6.E.35 Court of Appeal, Tribe v Tribe. needless deception and the bad son

6.2. French Law

6.2.1. Introduction

The first restriction on the Boudier case
Definition of cause
Justification by a rule of law
Justification by a bilateral juridical act
Justification by a unilateral juridical act
Justification in cases of indirect enrichment
Analysis of situations in which indirect enrichment may occur
Cause of impoverishment?

6.2.2. Materials

6.F.36 Flour and Aubert, Les Obligations 2 - Le Fait Juridique
6.F.37 Cass Req, 18 October 1989
6.F.38 Cass Req, 12 February 1923
6.F.39 Cass civ, 11 February 1931
6.F.40 Cass Req, 7 February 1905

6.3. German Law

6.3.1. Introduction

"Without legal cause" in claims of enrichment by performance
"Without legal basis" in view of claims of enrichment by non-performance

6.3.2. Materials

6.G.41 D König, Ungerechtfertigte Bereicherung. Tatbestände und Ordnungsprobleme in rechtsvergleichender Sicht
6.G.42 BGH, 8 July 1982. failure of marriage
6.G.43 BGH, 11 January 1971. young bulls ("Jungbullen- Fall")

6.4. Dutch Law

6.NL.44 EJH Schrage, "Unjustified Enrichment"
6.NL.45 Asser-Hartkamp, Verbintenissenrecht
6.NL.46 EFD Engelhard and GE van Maanen, "De vordering uit ongerechtvaardigde verrijking"
6.NL.47 HCF Schoordijk, Het algemeen gedeelte van het verbintenissenrecht naar het Nieuw Burgerlijk Wetboek
6.NL.48 Hoge Raad, 18 April 1969. precontractual enrichment
6.NL.49 Hoge Raad, 25 October 1991. windfall in social welfare
6.NL.50 Hoge Raad, 12 September 1997. erroneous tax authorities
6.NL.51 Hoge Raad, 30 June 2000. black Hole Systems Software

6.5. Scots Law

6.5.1. Introduction

6.5.1.A. No Purpose of Donation?

6.5.1.B. The Role of Error

Error in fact and error in law: repetition
Excusable error
Error as a "mark" or "note" of recompense?
Error: private citizens and public authority
Error in the levying of tax; a Constitutional argument
Illegal Contracts (Pacta illicita)

6.5.2. Materials

6.5.2.A. Absence of Cause; no Purpose of Donation?

6.SC.52 Stair, Institutions
6.SC.53 Bankton, Institutes
6.SC.54 Court of Session, Varney (Scotland) Ltd v Burgh of Lanark. the burgh sewers
6.SC.55 Court of Session, Lawrence Building Company v Lanark County Council. the council sewers
6.SC.56 Court of Session, Shilliday v Smith. the disappointed co-habitee
6.SC.57 House of Lords, Dollar Land (Cumbernauld) Ltd v CIN Properties Ltd. the irritated lease

6.5.2.B. Error

6.SC.58 Bankton, Institutes
6.SC.59 Erskine, Institutes
6.SC.60 Whole Court of Session, Stirling v E of Lauderdale. the earl paid in error
6.SC.61 Whole Court of Session, Carrick v Carse. the careless cautioner
6.SC.62 Court of Session, Taylor v Wilson's Trs. the incautious liquidator
6.SC.63 Court of Session, Morgan Guaranty Trust Co of New York v Lothian Regional Council. the "swaps" case

6.5.2.C. Illegal Contract

6.SC.64 Laura Macgregor, "Illegal Contracts and Unjustified Enrichment"
6.SC.65 Court of Session, Cuthbertson v Lowes. potatoes by the "Scotch" acre
6.SC.66 Court of Session, Morgan Guaranty Trust Co Of New York v Lothian Regional Council. the "swaps" case

6.6. South African Law

6.6.1. Introduction

6.6.1.A. Enrichment Due to Transfer

Transfer of money or property on an obligation when there is in fact no obligation to make the transfer
Enrichment in the context of failed contracts

6.6.1.B. Enrichment Due to Unauthorized Expenditure

The unauthorized administration of the affairs of another
Improvement of the physical property of another

6.6.1.C. Enrichment Due to Encroachment

6.6.2. Materials

6.SA.67 S Eiselen and G Pienaar, Unjustified Enrichment: A Casebook
6.SA.68 The Alienation of Land Rights Act, 68 of 1981, section 28
6.SA.69 JE du Plessis, Compulsion and Restitution
6.SA.70 Supreme Court of Appeal, Willis Faber Enthoven v Receiver of Revenu. Willis Faber
6.SA.71 Supreme Court of Appeal, Bowman, De Wet and Du Plessis NNO v Fidelity Bank Ltd Bowman, De Wet
6.SA.72 Durban Provincial Division, Henry v Branfield. Henry
6.SA.73 Supreme Court of Appeal, Visser v Rousseau. Visser
6.SA.74 Supreme Court of Appeal, Thompson v Scholtz. Thompson
6.SA.75 Cape Provincial Division, Standard Bank Financial Services v Taylam. Taylam