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6.1. Fault and the Nature of the Debtor's Obligation
6.1.1. The German Approach
6.1.2. The French Approach
6.F.3. Articles 1137 and 1147 Code civil
6.F.4. Malaurie and Aynés
6.F.5. Articles 1641-1646 Code civil
6.F.4. Malaurie and Aynés
6.F.5. Articles 1641-1646 Code civil
6.1.3. The English Approach
6.E.6. Supply of Goods and Services Act 1982, s 13
6.1.4. Comparative Overview
6.1.4.A. Contracts of Carriage
6.1.4.B. Construction Contracts
6.E.8. Court of Appeal, Greaves & Co (Contractors) Ltd v Baynham, Miekle &Partners. the structural engineer and the warehouse
6.F.9. Article 1792-1 Code civil
6.G.10. §§ 633-637 BGB
6.F.9. Article 1792-1 Code civil
6.G.10. §§ 633-637 BGB
6.2. Enforcement in Natura
6.PECL.11. Articles 9:101-3
6.2.1. Non-Monetary Obligations
6.2.1.A. Introductory Note
6.2.1.B. The Basic Rules
6.F.11. Articles 1138 and 1142-1144 Code civil
6.F.12. Cass civ, 20 January 1953. inability to deliver goods
6.G.13. §§241 and 249 BGB
6.G.14. §§887-888 Zivilprozeßordnung
6.E.15. Vice Chancellor's Court, Falcke v Gray. chinese vases
6.PECL.16. Article 9:102
6.F.12. Cass civ, 20 January 1953. inability to deliver goods
6.G.13. §§241 and 249 BGB
6.G.14. §§887-888 Zivilprozeßordnung
6.E.15. Vice Chancellor's Court, Falcke v Gray. chinese vases
6.PECL.16. Article 9:102
6.2.1.C. Making the Defendant Perform
6.2.1.C. Performance by a Third Party
6.2.1.D. Practical Examples
6.F.21. Article 1610 Code civil
6.G.22. §433 BGB
6.G.23. §480 BGB
6.G.24. §476a BGB
6.F.25. Articles 1641-1646 Code civil
6.NL.26. Article 7:21 BW
6.PECL.27. Article 9:102
6.G.22. §433 BGB
6.G.23. §480 BGB
6.G.24. §476a BGB
6.F.25. Articles 1641-1646 Code civil
6.NL.26. Article 7:21 BW
6.PECL.27. Article 9:102
6.2.1.E. Comparative Summary on Basic Rules and the International Restatements
6.PECL.28. Article 9:102
6.2.1.F. Limitations on Specific Performance
6.G.29. §§251 and 325 BGB
6.F.30. Cass civ, 17 November 1984. the French swimming pool
6.G.31. §633 BGB
6.G.32. BGH, 10 October 1985. insulated windows
6.E.33. House of Lords, Ruxley Electronics and Construction Ltd v Forsyth. the English swimming pool
6.PECL.34. Article 9:102
6.F.35. Cass civ, 17 December 1963. too many storeys
6.F.36. Cass civ, 14 March 1900. lady Eden's portrait
6.PECL.37. Article 9:102
6.G.38. §888 ZPO
6.E.39. Court of Appeal, Powell v Brent London Borough Council. ms Powell
6.F.40.Cass soc, 14 June 1972. M Dal Poz
6.G.41. Bundesarbeitsgericht, 10 November 1955. the radiologist
6.G.42. §888 ZPO
6.G.43. OLG Hamm, 10 October 1972. the Mom and Pop shop
6.E.44. House of Lords, Co-operative Insurance Society Ltd v Argyll Stores (Holdings) Ltd. supermarket
6.G.45. §765a ZPO
6.G.46. §251 BGB
6.G.47. OLG Hamm, 11 December 1946. shortage of horses
6.E.48. Court of Appeal, Patel v Ali. seller becomes disabled
6.F.30. Cass civ, 17 November 1984. the French swimming pool
6.G.31. §633 BGB
6.G.32. BGH, 10 October 1985. insulated windows
6.E.33. House of Lords, Ruxley Electronics and Construction Ltd v Forsyth. the English swimming pool
6.PECL.34. Article 9:102
6.F.35. Cass civ, 17 December 1963. too many storeys
6.F.36. Cass civ, 14 March 1900. lady Eden's portrait
6.PECL.37. Article 9:102
6.G.38. §888 ZPO
6.E.39. Court of Appeal, Powell v Brent London Borough Council. ms Powell
6.F.40.Cass soc, 14 June 1972. M Dal Poz
6.G.41. Bundesarbeitsgericht, 10 November 1955. the radiologist
6.G.42. §888 ZPO
6.G.43. OLG Hamm, 10 October 1972. the Mom and Pop shop
6.E.44. House of Lords, Co-operative Insurance Society Ltd v Argyll Stores (Holdings) Ltd. supermarket
6.G.45. §765a ZPO
6.G.46. §251 BGB
6.G.47. OLG Hamm, 11 December 1946. shortage of horses
6.E.48. Court of Appeal, Patel v Ali. seller becomes disabled
6.2.2. Monetary Obligations
6.E.49. House of Lords, White & Carter (Councils) Ltd v McGregor. litter bins
6.PECL.50. Article 9:101
6.PECL.50. Article 9:101
6.3. Withholding Performance
6.3.1. An Introduction to Withholding Performance and Termination
6.F.51. Article 1184 Code civil
6.3.2. Withholding Performance
6.PECL.52. Article 9:201
6.3.2.A. Basic Rules
6.F.53. Carbonnier
6.F.54. Article 1612 Code civil
6.G.55. §§320 and 322 BGB
6.E.56. King's Bench, Kingston v Preston. giving security
6.E.57. Sale of Goods Act 1979, S 28
6.F.54. Article 1612 Code civil
6.G.55. §§320 and 322 BGB
6.E.56. King's Bench, Kingston v Preston. giving security
6.E.57. Sale of Goods Act 1979, S 28
6.3.2.B. The Order of Performance
6.PECL.58. Article 6:110
6.3.2.C. Withholding when the Other Party has Performed but has done so Defectively, or has Not Performed some of his Obligations
6.F.59. Cass com, 30 January 1979. defective computer
6.E.60. Court of Appeal, Hoenig v Isaacs. defects in a flat
6.E.61. Sale of Goods Act 1979, S 11
6.PECL.62. Article 9:201
6.E.60. Court of Appeal, Hoenig v Isaacs. defects in a flat
6.E.61. Sale of Goods Act 1979, S 11
6.PECL.62. Article 9:201
6.3.2.D. Withholding Performance when the Buyer has been Supplied with Defective Goods
6.G.63. §§478 and 479 BGB
6.3.2.E. Default can be Anticipated
6.G.64. §321 BGB
6.E.65. Sale of Goods Act 1979, S 41
6.F.66. Article 1613 Code civil
6.PECL.67. Articles 9:201 and 8:105
6.E.65. Sale of Goods Act 1979, S 41
6.F.66. Article 1613 Code civil
6.PECL.67. Articles 9:201 and 8:105
6.3.2.F. Non-Performance of Other Contracts
6.G.68. §§273-274 BGB
6.4. Termination
6.PECL.69. Articles 8:103, 8:106 and 9:301-3
6.4.1. The Meaning of Termination
6.4.2. Basic Rules and Means of Termination
6.F.72. Articles 1183-1184 Code civil
6.F.73. Cass civ 1re, 28 April 1987. faulty alarm system
6.G.74. §§323 and 325-327 BGB
6.G.75. 10 no 2 and 11 no 4 AGBG
6.G.76. BGH, 21 June 1985. nachfrist
6.G.77. §§349 and 355 BGB
6.E.78. Sale of Goods Act 1979, S 10(1)
6.PECL.79. Articles 8:103, 8:106, 9:303 and 9:305
6.F.73. Cass civ 1re, 28 April 1987. faulty alarm system
6.G.74. §§323 and 325-327 BGB
6.G.75. 10 no 2 and 11 no 4 AGBG
6.G.76. BGH, 21 June 1985. nachfrist
6.G.77. §§349 and 355 BGB
6.E.78. Sale of Goods Act 1979, S 10(1)
6.PECL.79. Articles 8:103, 8:106, 9:303 and 9:305
6.4.3. Termination Because Goods Delivered are Defective
6.4.4. The Seriousness of the Default
6.F.82. Cass civ, 27 November 1950. widow Doumenjou's rente viagère
6.G.83. BGH, 13 November 1953. ship not loaded
6.E.84. Court of Appeal, Hong Kong Fir Shipping Co Ltd v Kawasaki Kisen Kaisha. the Hong Kong Fir case
6.G.83. BGH, 13 November 1953. ship not loaded
6.E.84. Court of Appeal, Hong Kong Fir Shipping Co Ltd v Kawasaki Kisen Kaisha. the Hong Kong Fir case
6.4.5. Time Stipulations - Fixgeschäfte
6.G.85. §361 BGB
6.G.86. §376 HGB
6.G.87. BGH, 17 January 1990. aluminium bottle caps
6.E.88. Court of Appeal and House of Lords, Bunge Corp v Tradax SA. 15 days' notice
6.E.89. Sale of Goods Act 1979 (as amended by Sale & Supply of Goods Act 1994), S 15A
6.G.86. §376 HGB
6.G.87. BGH, 17 January 1990. aluminium bottle caps
6.E.88. Court of Appeal and House of Lords, Bunge Corp v Tradax SA. 15 days' notice
6.E.89. Sale of Goods Act 1979 (as amended by Sale & Supply of Goods Act 1994), S 15A
6.4.6. Termination Before Performance is Due
6.E.90. Hochster v de la Tour. the Courier
6.G.91. BGH, 21 March 1974. geological survey demanded
6.PECL.92. Article 9:304
6.PECL.93. Article 8:105
6.G.91. BGH, 21 March 1974. geological survey demanded
6.PECL.92. Article 9:304
6.PECL.93. Article 8:105
6.4.7. Agreed Rights of Termination
6.E.94. Court of Appeal, Financings Ltd v Baldock. power to terminate
6.E.95. Court of Appeal, Lombard North Central plc v Butterworth. late payment for a computer
6.F.96. Cass civ 3e, 8 April 1987. widow Thomas' rente viagère
6.G.97. §346 BGB
6.G.98. §10 Nr 3 AGBG
6.E.95. Court of Appeal, Lombard North Central plc v Butterworth. late payment for a computer
6.F.96. Cass civ 3e, 8 April 1987. widow Thomas' rente viagère
6.G.97. §346 BGB
6.G.98. §10 Nr 3 AGBG
6.4.8. A Last Chance to Perform
6.4.8.A. Right to Perform Before Due Date
6.PECL.99. Article 8:104
6.4.8.B. Requirement of Notice
6.4.8.C. Court may give Additional Period for Performance
6.4.9. Effects of Termination
6.4.9.A. The Effect of Termination on Claims for Damages for Non-Performance
6.4.9.B. The Effects on Ancilliary Obligations
6.E.100. House of Lords, Photo Production Ltd v Securicor Ltd
6.4.9.C. Restitutionary Claims
6.PECL.101. Articles 4:305-4:309
6.F.102. Malaurie and Aynes
6.F.103. Cass civ 1re, 13 January 1987. driving lessons
6.G.104. §§346-349 BGB
6.G.105. §327 BGB
6.E.106. Court of Appeal, Sumpter v Hedges. partially completed building
6.F.102. Malaurie and Aynes
6.F.103. Cass civ 1re, 13 January 1987. driving lessons
6.G.104. §§346-349 BGB
6.G.105. §327 BGB
6.E.106. Court of Appeal, Sumpter v Hedges. partially completed building
6.4.10. Loss of Right to Terminate
6.PECL.107. Article 9:303
6.E.108. Sale of Goods Act 1979 (as amended by Sale and Supply of Goods Act 1994, ss 2 and 3
6.G.109. §§466 and 477 BGB
6.G.110. §377 HGB
6.F.111. Article 1647 Code civil
6.G.112. §§350-353 BGB
6.E.108. Sale of Goods Act 1979 (as amended by Sale and Supply of Goods Act 1994, ss 2 and 3
6.G.109. §§466 and 477 BGB
6.G.110. §377 HGB
6.F.111. Article 1647 Code civil
6.G.112. §§350-353 BGB
6.5. Damages
6.PECL.113. Articles 9:501-9:510
6.5.1. The Basic Measure of Damages for Breach of Contract
6.F.114. Article 1149 Code civil
6.G.115. §§249-252 BGB
6.G.116. §430 HGB
6.G.117. Schlechtriem
6.E.118. Court of Exchequer, Robinson v Harman
6.PECL.119. Article 9:502
6.INT.120. Article 7.4.2. Unidroit Principles
6.G.115. §§249-252 BGB
6.G.116. §430 HGB
6.G.117. Schlechtriem
6.E.118. Court of Exchequer, Robinson v Harman
6.PECL.119. Article 9:502
6.INT.120. Article 7.4.2. Unidroit Principles
6.5.2. The Requirement of Notice
6.5.3. Restrictions on Damages Recoverable
6.5.3.A. Unforeseeable or Indirect Losses
6.F.123. Articles 1150-1151 Code civil
6.F.124. Cass civ, 22 November 1893. machine for peeling artichokes
6.E.125. Court of Exchequer, Hadley v Baxendale. the mill shaft
6.G.126. Schlechtriem
6.INT.127. Article 7.4.4 Unidroit Principles
6.PECL.128. Article 9:503
6.F.124. Cass civ, 22 November 1893. machine for peeling artichokes
6.E.125. Court of Exchequer, Hadley v Baxendale. the mill shaft
6.G.126. Schlechtriem
6.INT.127. Article 7.4.4 Unidroit Principles
6.PECL.128. Article 9:503
6.5.3.B. The Protective Purpose of the Norm
6.5.3.C. Losses which might have been Avoided or Reduced by the Creditor
6.E.130. House of Lords, British Westinghouse Electric and Manufacturing Co Ltd v Underground Electric Railways Co of London Ltd
6.G.131. §§254 and 324 BGB
6.G.132. BGH, 7 May 1962. the architect and the defective building
6.F.133. Cour d'appel de Paris, 7 January 1924. low gas pressure
6.PECL.134. Article 9:505
6.F.135. Cass civ 1re, 31 January 1973. the bad-tempered bear
6.G.136. §254 BGB
6.G.137. Kammergericht, 14 November 1984. the stolen double bass
6.PECL.138. Article 9:504
6.G.131. §§254 and 324 BGB
6.G.132. BGH, 7 May 1962. the architect and the defective building
6.F.133. Cour d'appel de Paris, 7 January 1924. low gas pressure
6.PECL.134. Article 9:505
6.F.135. Cass civ 1re, 31 January 1973. the bad-tempered bear
6.G.136. §254 BGB
6.G.137. Kammergericht, 14 November 1984. the stolen double bass
6.PECL.138. Article 9:504
6.5.3.D. Contributory Negligence
6.F.139. Cass civ 1re, 16 January 1962. lunus
6.5.3.E. Non-Pecuniary Loss (Préjudice Moral)
6.E.140. Court of Appeal, Jarvis v Swans Tours. the solicitor's terrible holiday
6.G.141. §253 BGB
6.G.142. §651 BGB
6.G.141. §253 BGB
6.G.142. §651 BGB
6.5.4. Some Typical Cases
6.5.4.A. A Seller of Goods Fails to Deliver
6.F.143. Article 1144 Code civil
6.E.144. Sale of Goods Act 1979, s 51
6.G.145. §252 BGB
6.G.146. §376 HGB
6.PECL.147. Articles 9:506-9:507
6.E.144. Sale of Goods Act 1979, s 51
6.G.145. §252 BGB
6.G.146. §376 HGB
6.PECL.147. Articles 9:506-9:507
6.5.4.B. A Debtor Fails to Carry out Work Correctly
6.5.4.C. Defects in Goods
6.5.4.D. Plaintiff's Loss os Defendant's Gain?
6.G.152. OLG Braunschweig, 26 January 1891. the bread rolls
6.E.153. Court of Appeal, Surrey County Council v Bredero Homes Ltd. extra houses
6.E.154. House of Lords, Attorney-General v Blake. the spy's book
6.E.153. Court of Appeal, Surrey County Council v Bredero Homes Ltd. extra houses
6.E.154. House of Lords, Attorney-General v Blake. the spy's book
6.5.5. Agreed Damages and Forfeiture Clauses
6.5.5.A. The Validity of Agreed Damages Clauses
6.F.155. Articles 1152 and 1228-1231 Code civil
6.E.156. House of Lords, Dunlop Pneumatic Tyre Co Ltd v New Garage &Motor Co Ltd. dunlop tyres
6.G.157. §§339-345 BGB
6.G.158. §348 HGB
6.G.159. OLG Köln, 24 April 1974. plastic windows
6.G.160. §11 Nr 5 and Nr 6 AGBG
6.PECL.161. Article 9:509
6.E.156. House of Lords, Dunlop Pneumatic Tyre Co Ltd v New Garage &Motor Co Ltd. dunlop tyres
6.G.157. §§339-345 BGB
6.G.158. §348 HGB
6.G.159. OLG Köln, 24 April 1974. plastic windows
6.G.160. §11 Nr 5 and Nr 6 AGBG
6.PECL.161. Article 9:509
6.5.5.B. Deposits and Forfeiture Clauses
6.F.162. Article 1590 Code civil
6.G.163. §§336, 338 and 359 BGB
6.EC.164. Annex 1, Directive 93/13/EEC on Unfair Terms in Consumer Contracts
6.E.165. Privy Council, Workers Trust and Merchant Bank Ltd v Dojap Investments Ltd. 25 per cent deposit
6.PECL.166. Article 1:106
6.G.163. §§336, 338 and 359 BGB
6.EC.164. Annex 1, Directive 93/13/EEC on Unfair Terms in Consumer Contracts
6.E.165. Privy Council, Workers Trust and Merchant Bank Ltd v Dojap Investments Ltd. 25 per cent deposit
6.PECL.166. Article 1:106
