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I. Administrative Enforcement and Self-Regulation
II. 'Traditional' individual redress
8.3 (EU) Study Centre for Consumer Law, Alternative Means of Consumer Redress Other Than Redress Through Ordinary Judicial Proceedings, 2007. H
8.4 (EU) Regulation (EC) 861/2007 Establishing a European Small Claims Procedure, 11 July 2007. O·H
8.5 (EU) Regulation (EC) 1896/2006 Creating a European Order for Payment Procedure, 12 December 2006. O·H
8.6 (EU) Regulation (EC) No 805/2004 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 21 April 2004 creating a European Enforcement Order for uncontested claims, 21 April 2004. O·H
8.7 (EU) Council Directive 2002/8/EC to Improve Access to Justice in Cross-border Disputes by Establishing Minimum Common Rules Relating to Legal Aid for such Disputes, 27 January 2003. O·H
8.4 (EU) Regulation (EC) 861/2007 Establishing a European Small Claims Procedure, 11 July 2007. O·H
8.5 (EU) Regulation (EC) 1896/2006 Creating a European Order for Payment Procedure, 12 December 2006. O·H
8.6 (EU) Regulation (EC) No 805/2004 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 21 April 2004 creating a European Enforcement Order for uncontested claims, 21 April 2004. O·H
8.7 (EU) Council Directive 2002/8/EC to Improve Access to Justice in Cross-border Disputes by Establishing Minimum Common Rules Relating to Legal Aid for such Disputes, 27 January 2003. O·H
III. Arbitration and Mediation
III.A. Introduction
III.B. Definitions and terminology
III.C. Regulation of ADR
III.C.1. Introduction
III.C.2. General EU initiatives
8.10 (EU) European Code of Conduct for Mediators. O·H
8.11 (EU) Directive 2008/52/EC on Mediation in Civil and Commercial Matters, 21 May 2008. O·H
8.11 (EU) Directive 2008/52/EC on Mediation in Civil and Commercial Matters, 21 May 2008. O·H
III.C.3. Consumer Specific EU initiatives
8.12 (EU) Commission Recommendation 98/257/EC on the Principles Applicable to the Bodies Responsible for Out-of-court Settlement of Consumer Disputes, 30 March 1998. O·H
8.13 (EU) Commission Recommendation 2001/310/EC on the Principles for Out-of-court Bodies Involved in the Consensual Resolution of Consumer Disputes, 4 April 2001. O·H
III.D. Variety and availability
III.E. Arbitration clauses in consumer contracts
8.15 (EU) Unfair Contract Terms Directive , 5 April 1993. O·H
8.16 (UK) UK Arbitration Act 1996, 17 June 1996. O·H
8.17 (FR) Code Civil. O·H
IV. Collective Redress
IV.A. Introduction
IV.B. Actions for injunction
8.18 (EU) The Unfair Commercial Practices Directive (UCPD), 11 May 2005. O·H
8.19 (EU) Unfair Contract Terms Directive, 5 April 1993. O·H
IV.C. Actions for damages
IV.C.1. Different approaches in the Member States
8.20 (EU) J. Stuyck, Class Actions in Europe - Opt in or Opt out, That is the Question., 2009.
8.21 (SE) Lag 2002:599 om grupprättegång (Group Proceedings Act), 1 January 2003. O·H
8.22 (NL) Gerechtshof (Court of Appeal) Amsterdam, 1 June 2006, DES. O·H
8.23 (AT) Oberster Gerichtshof (OGH), 12 July 2005, BAK v VKI, BAK. O·H
IV.C.2. Recent EC initiatives on collective actions for damages
8.24 (EU) European Commission, Benchmarks for Collective Redress. O·H
8.25 (EU) Green Paper on Consumer Collective Redress, 27 November 2008. O·H
V. Criminal law sanctions
VI. State liability
8.27 (EU) ECJ Joined cases C-178/94, C-179/94, C-188/94, C-189/94 and C-190/94, 8 October 1996, Erich Dillenkofer ea v Bundesrepublik Deutschland, The insolvent tour operator. O·H
8.28 (EU) ECJ Case C-222/02, 12 October 2004, Peter Paul and Others v Bundesrepublik Deutschland, Compensation for lost deposits. O·H
VII. Individual cross-border enforcement
VII.A. Introduction
VII.B. Jurisdiction
VII.B.1. Scope of application Brussels I Regulation
VII.B.2. Specific rules for consumer contracts
VII.B.3. The concept of consumer contract
8.31 (EU) ECJ Case C-96/00, 11 July 2002, Rudolf Gabriel v Schlank & Schick GmbH , Sweepstakes I. O·H
8.32 (EU) ECJ Case C-27/02, 20 January 2005, Petra Engler v Janus Versand GmbH, Sweepstakes II. O·H
8.33 (EU) ECJ Case C-180/06, 14 May 2009, Renate Ilsinger v Martin Dreschers, acting as administrator in the insolvency of Schlank & Schick GmbH , Sweepstakes III. O·H
VII.B.4. The concept of active trader
8.34 (DE) Der Bundesgerichtshof (BGH), 17 September 2008, Sales advertising via the website of the German embassy in Athens. O·H
VII.B.5. Jurisdiction clauses
VII.B.6. Applicable law
VII.B.6.a. Contracts – the Rome Convention and the Rome I Regulation
8.36 (EU) Rome Convention, 19 June 1980. O·H
8.37 (EU) Regulation 593/2008 on the law applicable to contractual obligations (Rome I), 17 June 2008. O·H
8.38 (EU) N. Reich, Cross Border Contracts, 2008. H
VII.B.6.b. Contracts – secondary Community law
8.39 (EU) Directive 93/13/EEC on Unfair Terms in Consumer Contracts , 5 April 1993. O·H
8.40 (EU) Directive 2000/31/EC on E-commerce, 8 June 2000. O·H
8.41 (EU) Directive 2008/48/EC on Credit Agreements for Consumers, 23 April 2008. O·H
VII.B.6.c. Torts and other non-contractual obligations
8.42 (EU) Regulation 864/2007 on the law applicable to non-contractual obligations (Rome II), 11 July 2007. O·H
8.43 (EU) Regulation 486/2007 on the law applicable to non-contractual obligations (Rome II), 11 July 2007. O·H
8.44 (EU) Regulation 864/2007 on the Law Applicable to Non-Contractual Obligations (Rome II Regulation), 11 July 2007. O·H
8.45 (EU) Regulation 864/2007 on the Law Applicable to Non-Contractual Obligations (Rome II Regulation), 11 July 2007. O·H
VII.C. Collective Cross Border Enforcement via actions for injunctions
8.46 (EU) Directive 2009/22/EC on injunctions for the protection of consumers' interests, 23 April 2009. O·H
8.47 (EU) C Twigg-Flesner, Comparative Analysis. H
8.48 (BE) Court d'Appel Bruxelles (Court of Appeal Brussels), 8 December 2005, OFT v Duchèsne, Cross-border sweepstakes. O
8.49 (EU) H-W Micklitz, Transborder Law Enforcement: Does it Exist?, 2006. H
VII.D. Administrative co-operation
8.50 (EU) Regulation 2006/2004 on cooperation between national authorities responsible for the enforcement of consumer protection laws, 27 October 2004. O·H
8.51 (EU) G Betlem, Public and Private Transnational Enforcement of EU Consumer Law, 2007. H
No comments have yet been posted.
8.12 (EU) Commission Recommendation 98/257/EC on the Principles Applicable to the Bodies Responsible for Out-of-court Settlement of Consumer Disputes, 30 March 1998. O·H
8.13 (EU) Commission Recommendation 2001/310/EC on the Principles for Out-of-court Bodies Involved in the Consensual Resolution of Consumer Disputes, 4 April 2001. O·H
8.13 (EU) Commission Recommendation 2001/310/EC on the Principles for Out-of-court Bodies Involved in the Consensual Resolution of Consumer Disputes, 4 April 2001. O·H
III.D. Variety and availability
III.E. Arbitration clauses in consumer contracts
8.15 (EU) Unfair Contract Terms Directive , 5 April 1993. O·H
8.16 (UK) UK Arbitration Act 1996, 17 June 1996. O·H
8.17 (FR) Code Civil. O·H
8.16 (UK) UK Arbitration Act 1996, 17 June 1996. O·H
8.17 (FR) Code Civil. O·H
IV. Collective Redress
IV.A. Introduction
IV.B. Actions for injunction
8.18 (EU) The Unfair Commercial Practices Directive (UCPD), 11 May 2005. O·H
8.19 (EU) Unfair Contract Terms Directive, 5 April 1993. O·H
8.19 (EU) Unfair Contract Terms Directive, 5 April 1993. O·H
IV.C. Actions for damages
IV.C.1. Different approaches in the Member States
8.20 (EU) J. Stuyck, Class Actions in Europe - Opt in or Opt out, That is the Question., 2009.
8.21 (SE) Lag 2002:599 om grupprättegång (Group Proceedings Act), 1 January 2003. O·H
8.22 (NL) Gerechtshof (Court of Appeal) Amsterdam, 1 June 2006, DES. O·H
8.23 (AT) Oberster Gerichtshof (OGH), 12 July 2005, BAK v VKI, BAK. O·H
8.21 (SE) Lag 2002:599 om grupprättegång (Group Proceedings Act), 1 January 2003. O·H
8.22 (NL) Gerechtshof (Court of Appeal) Amsterdam, 1 June 2006, DES. O·H
8.23 (AT) Oberster Gerichtshof (OGH), 12 July 2005, BAK v VKI, BAK. O·H
IV.C.2. Recent EC initiatives on collective actions for damages
8.24 (EU) European Commission, Benchmarks for Collective Redress. O·H
8.25 (EU) Green Paper on Consumer Collective Redress, 27 November 2008. O·H
8.25 (EU) Green Paper on Consumer Collective Redress, 27 November 2008. O·H
V. Criminal law sanctions
VI. State liability
8.27 (EU) ECJ Joined cases C-178/94, C-179/94, C-188/94, C-189/94 and C-190/94, 8 October 1996, Erich Dillenkofer ea v Bundesrepublik Deutschland, The insolvent tour operator. O·H
8.28 (EU) ECJ Case C-222/02, 12 October 2004, Peter Paul and Others v Bundesrepublik Deutschland, Compensation for lost deposits. O·H
8.28 (EU) ECJ Case C-222/02, 12 October 2004, Peter Paul and Others v Bundesrepublik Deutschland, Compensation for lost deposits. O·H
VII. Individual cross-border enforcement
VII.A. Introduction
VII.B. Jurisdiction
VII.B.1. Scope of application Brussels I Regulation
VII.B.2. Specific rules for consumer contracts
VII.B.3. The concept of consumer contract
8.31 (EU) ECJ Case C-96/00, 11 July 2002, Rudolf Gabriel v Schlank & Schick GmbH , Sweepstakes I. O·H
8.32 (EU) ECJ Case C-27/02, 20 January 2005, Petra Engler v Janus Versand GmbH, Sweepstakes II. O·H
8.33 (EU) ECJ Case C-180/06, 14 May 2009, Renate Ilsinger v Martin Dreschers, acting as administrator in the insolvency of Schlank & Schick GmbH , Sweepstakes III. O·H
8.32 (EU) ECJ Case C-27/02, 20 January 2005, Petra Engler v Janus Versand GmbH, Sweepstakes II. O·H
8.33 (EU) ECJ Case C-180/06, 14 May 2009, Renate Ilsinger v Martin Dreschers, acting as administrator in the insolvency of Schlank & Schick GmbH , Sweepstakes III. O·H
VII.B.4. The concept of active trader
8.34 (DE) Der Bundesgerichtshof (BGH), 17 September 2008, Sales advertising via the website of the German embassy in Athens. O·H
VII.B.5. Jurisdiction clauses
VII.B.6. Applicable law
VII.B.6.a. Contracts – the Rome Convention and the Rome I Regulation
8.36 (EU) Rome Convention, 19 June 1980. O·H
8.37 (EU) Regulation 593/2008 on the law applicable to contractual obligations (Rome I), 17 June 2008. O·H
8.38 (EU) N. Reich, Cross Border Contracts, 2008. H
8.37 (EU) Regulation 593/2008 on the law applicable to contractual obligations (Rome I), 17 June 2008. O·H
8.38 (EU) N. Reich, Cross Border Contracts, 2008. H
VII.B.6.b. Contracts – secondary Community law
8.39 (EU) Directive 93/13/EEC on Unfair Terms in Consumer Contracts , 5 April 1993. O·H
8.40 (EU) Directive 2000/31/EC on E-commerce, 8 June 2000. O·H
8.41 (EU) Directive 2008/48/EC on Credit Agreements for Consumers, 23 April 2008. O·H
8.40 (EU) Directive 2000/31/EC on E-commerce, 8 June 2000. O·H
8.41 (EU) Directive 2008/48/EC on Credit Agreements for Consumers, 23 April 2008. O·H
VII.B.6.c. Torts and other non-contractual obligations
8.42 (EU) Regulation 864/2007 on the law applicable to non-contractual obligations (Rome II), 11 July 2007. O·H
8.43 (EU) Regulation 486/2007 on the law applicable to non-contractual obligations (Rome II), 11 July 2007. O·H
8.44 (EU) Regulation 864/2007 on the Law Applicable to Non-Contractual Obligations (Rome II Regulation), 11 July 2007. O·H
8.45 (EU) Regulation 864/2007 on the Law Applicable to Non-Contractual Obligations (Rome II Regulation), 11 July 2007. O·H
8.43 (EU) Regulation 486/2007 on the law applicable to non-contractual obligations (Rome II), 11 July 2007. O·H
8.44 (EU) Regulation 864/2007 on the Law Applicable to Non-Contractual Obligations (Rome II Regulation), 11 July 2007. O·H
8.45 (EU) Regulation 864/2007 on the Law Applicable to Non-Contractual Obligations (Rome II Regulation), 11 July 2007. O·H
VII.C. Collective Cross Border Enforcement via actions for injunctions
8.46 (EU) Directive 2009/22/EC on injunctions for the protection of consumers' interests, 23 April 2009. O·H
8.47 (EU) C Twigg-Flesner, Comparative Analysis. H
8.48 (BE) Court d'Appel Bruxelles (Court of Appeal Brussels), 8 December 2005, OFT v Duchèsne, Cross-border sweepstakes. O
8.49 (EU) H-W Micklitz, Transborder Law Enforcement: Does it Exist?, 2006. H
8.47 (EU) C Twigg-Flesner, Comparative Analysis. H
8.48 (BE) Court d'Appel Bruxelles (Court of Appeal Brussels), 8 December 2005, OFT v Duchèsne, Cross-border sweepstakes. O
8.49 (EU) H-W Micklitz, Transborder Law Enforcement: Does it Exist?, 2006. H
VII.D. Administrative co-operation
8.50 (EU) Regulation 2006/2004 on cooperation between national authorities responsible for the enforcement of consumer protection laws, 27 October 2004. O·H
8.51 (EU) G Betlem, Public and Private Transnational Enforcement of EU Consumer Law, 2007. H
8.51 (EU) G Betlem, Public and Private Transnational Enforcement of EU Consumer Law, 2007. H
No comments have yet been posted.
