Along came a spider...

I. The origins and justifications of harmonisation

II. The continued existence of national product liability regimes

7.1 (EU) ECJ Case 183/00, 25 April 2002, María Victoria González Sánchez v Medicina Asturiana SA, Contaminated blood. O·H
7.2 (FR) Cass civile 1e, 15 May 2007, Defective TV set. O·H

III. Products

III.A. Blood and body parts

7.3 (FR) Code Civil. O·H

III.B. Intellectual products

7.4 (BE) Loi du 25 février 1991 sur la responsabilité du fait des produits défectueux, 22 March 1991. O·H
7.5 (EU) J-S Borghetti, Product Liability for Defective Goods. A Comparative Legal Study.

IV. Liable persons

IV.A. Channelling liability to producers

7.6 (EU) Product Liability Directive, 25 July 1985. O·H
7.7 (US) Restatement of the Law, Third, Torts: Products Liability. O
7.8 (EU) ECJ Case 402/03, 10 January 2006, Skov Æg v Bilka Lavprisvarehus A/S, Toxic eggs. O·H
7.9 (BE) Cour de Cassation , 6 April 2006, Intercommunale Maatschappij voor Energievoorziening in West- en Oost-Vlaanderen v V.L., H.M., DVV, Excessive electric voltage. O·H

IV.B. Liability of non-producers

IV.B.1. Liability of importers

IV.B.2. Liability of franchisors and own-branders

IV.B.3. Liability of suppliers

V. Supply/putting into circulation

7.10 (BE) Loi du 25 février 1991 sur la responsabilité du fait des produits défectueux, 22 March 1991. O·H
7.11 (FR) Code Civil. O·H
7.12 (IT) Decree No 224 implementing the Product Liability Directive, 24 May 1988. O
7.13 (UK) The Consumer Protection Act 1987 , 15 May 1987. O·H
7.14 (EU) ECJ Case 203/99, 10 May 2001, Henning Veedfald v Århus Amtskommune, Danish kidney. O·H
7.15 (EU) ECJ Case 127/04, 9 February 2006, Declan O'Byrne v Sanofi Pasteur MSD Ltd and Sanofi Pasteur SA, Vaccine alleged to be defective. O·H

VI. Defect

VI.A. Distinction between manufacturing and design defects

7.16 (US) Restatement of the Law, Third, Torts: Products Liability. O
7.17 (EN) England and Wales High Court (Queen's Bench Division) Decision, 26 March 2001, 26 March 2001, A v National Blood Authority, National blood case. O·H

VI.B. Consumer expectations and risk: utility

7.18 (EU) Product Liability Directive , 25 July 1985. O·H
7.19 (EU) The General Product Safety Directive (GPSD), 3 December 2001. O·H
7.20 (EN) England and Wales High Court (Queen's Bench Division) Decision, 26 March 2001, A v National Blood Authority, National blood case. O·H

VI.C. Fault

7.21 (FR) Cour d'appel (Court of Appeal) Poitiers, 8 March 2005, SA Automobile Citroën v Duchene, Car spontaneously catches fire. O

VI.D. Inherent risks

7.22 (DE) OLG Düsseldorf (Court of Appeal), 20 December 2002, Brinkman v Masterfoods, Chocolate bars. O·H
7.23 (DE) Der Bundesgerichtshof (BGH), 12 November 1991, 12 November 1991, child v manufacturer of baby food especially tea for infants, Sweetened tea. O
7.24 (AT) OGH (Supremen Court), 8 April 1997, Austrian mineral bottle.
7.25 (EU) C Hodges, Nordic Compensation Schemes for Drug Injuries, 2006.

VI.E. Warnings and instructions

7.26 (FR) Cour d appel (Court of Appeal) Paris, 23 September 2004, Pentasa. O
7.27 (EN) England and Wales High Court (Queen's Bench Division) Decision, 3 December 1999, Worsley v Tambrands, Tampons. O·H

VI.F. Location of sale

VI.G. Age of user

VI.H. Marketing

7.28 (AT) OGH (Supreme Court) , 28 April 1998, Racing handle bars. O·H

VI.I. Compliance with standards

7.29 (DE) OLG (Court of Appeal) Düsseldorf, 20 December 2002, Brinkman v Masterfoods, Chocolate bars. O·H
7.30 (DE) OLG (Court of Appeal) Schleswig-Holstein, 19 October 2007, Overheating washing machine. O·H

VI.J. Defences

VI.J.1. General

7.31 (EU) Product Liability Directive, 25 July 1985. O·H
7.32 (EU) ECJ Case 203/99, 10 May 2001, Henning Veedfald v Århus Amtskommune, Danish kidney. O·H

VI.J.2. Development risks

7.33 (EU) ECJ Case C-300/95 , 29 May 1997, Commission of the European Communities v United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Commission challenge to UK. O·H
7.34 (NL) Gerechtshof Amsterdam (Court of Appeal), 3 February 1999, Schollten v Foundation Sanquin of Blood Supply, HIV infected blood. O
7.35 (EN) England and Wales High Court (Queen's Bench Division) Decision, 26 March 2001, A v National Blood Authority, National blood case. O·H
7.36 (EN) England and Wales Court of Appeal (Civil Division) Decision, 21 December 2000, 21 December 2000, Abouzaid v Mothercare, Cosytoes. O·H
7.37 (FR) Cour d'appel de Paris (Court of Appeal), 23 September 2004, Pentasa. O

VI.K. Development risks

VII. Damages

VII.A. Heads of damage

7.38 (EU) Product Liability Directive , 25 July 1985. O·H
7.39 (EU) ECJ Case C-203/99, 10 May 2001, Henning Veedfald v Århus Amtskommune, Danish kidney. O·H
7.40 (FR) Code Civil. O·H
7.41 (EU) ECJ Case 258/08, 4 June 2009, Moteurs Leroy Somer v Dalkia France, The exploding alternator. O·H

VII.B. Maximum liability

VII.C. € 500 threshold

7.42 (BE) Loi relative à la responsabilité du fait des produits défectueux (Product Liability Act), 25 February 1991. O·H
7.43 (UK) Consumer Protection Act 1987, 15 May 1987. O·H
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